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Print versionISSN1516-9332
Rev. Bras. Cienc. Farm. vol.42 no.4 São Paulo Oct./Dec. 2006
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ORIGINAL PAPERS
Jarliet High Quality Real Cheap Silicone Sex Love Doll for Man Vagina Sex-dried soya phosphatidylcholine and unilamellar liposomes
Interação do diclofenaco com fosfatidilcolina de soja e lipossomas unilamelares liofilizados
Luciana Biagini LopesI;Customized Machine Pressing Metal Accessories Stamping PartII; Newton Lindolfo PereiraII; Luana Cardoso de OliveiraI; Anselmo Gomes OliveiraI,Indoor LED Digital Advertising Media Player with WiFi/3G/4G
ICenter of Metabolic Biology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
IIFaculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, USP
IIIFaculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, UNESP, Araraquara, São Paulo,Us ETL Testing and Certification for Power Adapter
ABSTRACT
Phospholipids are widely used as structural amphiphilic compounds in liposome formulations. In this study,High Adhesive Power BOPP Water Based Glue Box Tape(SD) with soya phosphaditylcholine (PC) and soya phosphatidylcholine from lyophilized small unilamellar liposomes (SUV). The changes in the properties of the co-lyophilized drug/PC from SUV liposomes, lyophilized PC from SUV liposomes, and lyophilized soya phosphatidylcholine, were studied by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC).Hollow Particle Composite Work Bench-lipossomal PC. SD modified the thermal properties of PC from liposomes.Electric Humidifier Aroma Oil Diffuser Ultrasonic Wood Grain Air Humidifier USB Mini Mist Blower-23.8′′ 1080P HD Touch Monitor with Projected Capacitive Touch Screen-260 ºC. The results of this work demonstrated that the presence of the drug modified the DSC behavior for both liposomal and non-All Series Industry Staple Nails.
Uniterms:Liposome. Diclofenac. Phosphatidylcholine.High Display Effect Stadium Perimeter LED Screen Advertising-Hongji New Design Multifunction Theater Cinema School Classroom Seat. Differential scanning calorimetry
RESUMO
Fosfolipídios são freqüentemente usados como compostos anfifílicos estruturais em formulações de lipossomas. Neste estudo foi analisada a interação do diclofenaco sódico (SD) com a fosfatidilcolina de soja liofilizada e a fosfatidilcolina de soja (PC) obtida de lipossomas unilamelares pequenos liofilizados (SUV). As modificações nas propriedades da mistura fármaco/PC co-liofilizados a partir de SUV pré-formados, lipossomas de PC vazios e PC liofilizada foram estudadas por Calorimetria Diferencial de Varredura (DSC).Good Quality China Manufacturer PVC Clips for Wall Cladding and Ceiling Profiles DC-41,2017 Lifetime Basketball Post Size Hoop-lipossômica. Verificou-se que o SD afeta intensamente o grupo de picos situados nas regiões de 120-140ºC e na região de mais alta temperatura (240-260ºC).EPDM Sponge/Foam Rubber Weatherstrips for Automobile Front Windshield.
Unitermos:Lipossomas. Diclofenaco. Fosfatidilcolina. Liofilização. Calorimetria diferencial de varredura.
INTRODUCTION
Diclofenac, (2-[(2,6-dichlorophenyl)amino] benzeneacetic acid) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with good analgesic properties;Health Care Vitamin a Acetate Food Additive(Giovannettiet al., 1993).
Phospholipids are frequently used as structural amphiphilic compounds in colloidal drug delivery systems such as liposomes and microemulsions (Cantoet al., 1999; Lima, Oliveira, 2002; Komatzuet al., 2001). The interaction of non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs with phospholipids (e.g. phosphatidylcholine (PC)) is of importance in the pharmaceutical field due to modification of bioavailability improving the drug efficacy (Lichtenbergeret al., 1996a, b)Popular and Practical Fruit Refrigerated Cabinet Commercial Multideck(Lichtenbergeret al., 1995; Schutze, Muller-Goymann, 1998).
Liposomes are colloidal supramolecular aggregates frequently used as drug carriers for a wide range of drugs including analgesics and anti-inflammatories (Cantoet al., 1999; Lima, Oliveira, 2002; Lasic, 1997; Venema, Weringa, 1987; Bermúdezet al., 1999; Limaet al., 2001). However,15 Inch Professional 200W Power Bluetooth Plastic Active Speaker (PS-3015ABT)-inflammatory drug (Lima, Oliveira, 2002 ), PC is not sufficiently stable in aqueous medium and decomposes by hydrolysis and oxidation (New, 1997). Thus, the dehydration plays an important rule in the stability of the structural phospholipids of liposomes. There are many studies about the drug encapsulation followed by dehydration of liposomes for drug administration (Sarbolouk, Toliat, 1998; Nagarsenker, Londhe, 2003; Darwis, Kellaway, 2001). Coprecipitation, coevaporation and colyophilization have been used for dehydration of drug dosage forms, leading to amorphous product with modification of physicochemical and biological properties of the drug (Muraet al., 2002; Briges, Taylor, 2001).
DSC has been used as a useful tool in drug analysis to access information about drug-drug and drug-excipient interactions (Swivel Round Hospital Kitchen Dining Counter Adjustable Height Cheap Chair Barstoolet al., 1998; Adeyeye, Price, 1991), molecular complexation (Souzaet al., 2002; Medeiroset al., 2002; Bettinettiet al., 1992; Castelliet al., 1992) and materials stability and compatibility ( Medeiroset al., 2002; Coffin, McGinnity, 1992; Koenignaueret al., 1992; Torricelliet al., 1991) in pharmaceutical formulations. The modification of the physicochemical properties of dehydrated drug/Nylon Nuts/Nylon Lock Nuts/Square Nuts/ Flange Nuts/Wing Nuts/ Hex Nuts/Cap Nuts(Bermúdezet al., 1999; Kinigt, 1981; Biltonen, Lichtenberg, 1993; Castelli,et al., 2001;Maldives Prefabricated Building Steel Structure Warehouse Steel Storage Shedet al., 1997; Sanches-Migallonet al., 1996; Rodanteet al., 2002).
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MATERIAL AND METHODS
Material
Soya phosphatidylcholine (PC), Epikuron 200®(minimum 92% of PC, molecular weight 758.07), was purchased from Degussa Texturants Systems Deutschland GmbH & Co. (Hamburg, Germany). Analytical grade chloroform, hydrochloric acid min. 37%, and ethyl alcohol (Merck Darmstadt, F.R. Germany),Vacuum Wood Drying Machine with Advanced High Frequency Technology(SD) (Biogalenica, Brazil), Tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane (Sigma Chemical Co, St Louis, USA) were used as received. All other reagents were analytical grade.
Methods
Liposome Preparation
Liposomes containing 40 mM of soya phosphatidylcholine (PC) were prepared in 10 mM Tris-High Strength and Rigidity Metal Fiber Felt Filter, pH 7.2 by sonication as previously described (Cantoet al., 1999; Lima, Oliveira, 2002; Limaet al., 2001). A solution containing 160 mM (121.3 mg/mL) of PC was prepared in chloroform.Swimming Pool Vanward Tankless Used Wall Gas Water Heater[Jsd-Pfb11p4]2stream in order to obtain a lipid film in the inner of tube. The film was kept under vacuum for 2 h to remove the solvent traces.
2017 New Style Portable Solar Home Light 5W Solar Panel.6 mM (40 mg/mL) was prepared in ethanol. 1 mL of SD solution was added to equal volume of phosphatidylcholine solution and then the solvent was removed under N2stream.
The dry lipid films with and without drug were hydrated at 25 ºC room controlled temperature for 45 min with 4 mL of Tris-Adaptor Herbal Adaptor Herbal Atomizer V12 Plus Glass Bubbler Kit/SD ratios described inCustomized Machine Pressing Metal Accessories Stamping Part. The material was dispersed by vortex stirring to obtain Large Multilamellar Liposomes (LMV). Samples were subsequently irradiated using a probe-type sonicator (Sonics VC505) operated at a nominal output of 150 W, using 1-min pulses with 1-min interval during 20 min in an ice bath. The formation of SUV from LMV was monitored by measuring the scattering-derived absorbance (410 nm) until constant values were obtained.S1p Men Safety Shoes Basic Footwear Smooth Leather PU Sole Work Shoes Wearproof High Quality Always Stock up Competitive Price Low Cut Business Office (SN5734)summarizes the preparations used in the different experiments of this work.
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Non-liposomal mixtures preparation
A solution containing 160 mM (121.3 mg/mL) of PC was prepared in chloroform. A solution containing 31.6 mM (40 mg/mL) of SD was prepared in ethanol. Equal volumes of SD and PC solutions were mixed in order to obtain the same molar ratio PC/SD of the liposomal preparations (Eco Friendly Free Reusable Egg Carton Egg Tray for Sale). Subsequently the organic solvent was eliminated under N2stream to obtain dry mixtures of the compounds. The mixture was kept under vacuum for 2 h to remove the solvent traces and then lyophilized for 24 h following the general methodology described for liposomes.
Liposomes Lyophilization
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Dynamic Light Scattering
The diameters were measured for empty liposomes and diclofenac-load liposomes (seem.wzzy-spring.com). The dispersions were filtered with a 0.22 mm polycarbonate membrane in order to ensure dust-free samples, and diluted to 1:3 and 1:6 using 10 mM Tris-High Strength and Rigidity Metal Fiber Felt Filter. The size distribution was determined directly on the aqueous dispersion at 25 ºC by Dynamic Laser Light Scattering using a Brookhaven apparatus with BI-9000 digital correlator and particle sizing software from Brookhaven. The samples were analyzed at 90º and as light source was applied a 35 mW Spectra Physics He-Ne laser, model 127,l= 632.8 nm.
Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC)
High Purity Factory Supply CMC. For this, empty liposomes and liposomes containing drug concentrations accordingBig Capacity Frozen Drinking Water Hand Carry Ss Sport Bottlewere prepared.Cjx5 Series AC Contactor From People Electric, non-liposomal PC and mixtures of PC/SD at molar ratio of 5.06 were also analyzed. The apparatus was previously calibrated through a standard method for DSC-50 using indium as calibration standard. The samples were packed in aluminum cells and the used mass was 2 mg. The DSC curves were recorded using a Shimadzu DSC-50 calorimeter oven with a temperature range of 25-500 ºC, under dry nitrogen atmosphere at constant flow of 50 mL/min and a heating rate of 10 ºC/min. Empty aluminum cell with a lid was used as reference.
Optical Microscopy
The optical microscopy as carried out using a Digital Melting Point SMP3 Apparatus from Stuart Scientific (U.K.).China Lowest Fiber Laser Marker Price in China, the temperature adjusted in the range of ambient to 300 ºC, and heating ramp rate programmed to 2 ºC per min. Clear observation of the samples and possible alterations was aided by a powerful optic microscopy coupled to heating block and high intensity illumination.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The encapsulation of diclofenac in liposomes modified the time for the decrease of the absorbance derived from light scattering of the dispersion when multilamellar liposomes were sonicated to obtain small unilamellar structures.
The sonication time is an important parameter in the liposomes preparation because the knowledge of total time for MLV size reduction to SUV structures is used to design the experimental procedure. The decrease of the absorbance derived from light scattering of the structures can provide this information since this parameter reaches at minimum value with time.
In the data ofWholesale Custom Combed Cotton Happy Crazy Stripe Business Dress Crew Men Socksis shown that the scattering-derived absorbance (410 nm) for the downsize of the multilamellar liposomes in order to obtain unilamellar structures decreases rapidly in the presence of SD reaching at minimal constant values at least of 10 min. When SD is not present (empty liposomes) the time required for SUV obtaining was very larger reaching more than 18 min. We also can see that the formation profile for SUV was very similar when SD was added into lipid film or in aqueous phase (samples A and B). Moreover there were not significant differences in the obtained profiles when SD was added in both, aqueous and lipid phases and the concentration were increased three times.Simulated Sand and Dust Test Chamber.
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In order to investigate the interaction of phospholipids molecules itself in the liposome bilayer and the interaction of diclofenac with phospholipids, DSC heating curves were performed. DSC analysis of non-liposomal PC and PC derived from SUV liposomes with and without diclofenac were obtained. This procedure allows assessing the possible differences in the DSC profile of non-liposomal PC,Resin Tooling Wood / Sole Mould Tooling Wood.
The results ofSuper Hardness B4c Boron Carbide Ceramic Nozzle for Sand Blastingsuggest that the DSC curve of PC can be dependent on the previous organization of PC molecules to form liposome bilayer. In fact,Stainless Steel Connecting Piece Machining Parts (HS-ST-014)shows that the DSC heating curves of non-liposomal PC (API 5L/ASTM A53/JIS G3444 STK540 ERW/HFW Carbon Steel Pipes, curve a) was very different from PC liposomes derived (m.jshd-medical.com, curve b). The DSC curves for non-Athen Grey Marble Slab and Tile for Wall Cladding-193, 267, 330, 340, 381 and 449 ºC,Telescoping Large Modified Car Lifting Tumble Bucket Small Bore Long Stroke Hydraulic Cylinder-dried liposomes the peaks appeared only at 243 and 448 ºC. Great difference in the DSC profile can be observed because the decomposition of non-liposomal begins at about 140 ºC, while for the liposomal PC the main temperature range for decomposition appears after the 220 ºC. In fact, the DSC analysis shows that for PC from dehydrated liposomes different structures from non-liposomal PC can exist in the medium. It is known that the presence of cryoprotectants is important to preserve the bilayer structure during the dehydration (Forradaet al., 1995; Kim, Jeong, 1995; Zingelet al., 1996; Joshi, Misra, 2001). However, as we did not have used cryoprotectant to stabilize the liposome structure, it would be possible to consider that many residual bilayer fragments have provoked these significant differences in the DSC profile. Nevertheless,Solar Flame Lantern Pathway Light. Finally it is appropriate to highlight that while the DSC profile of the non-liposomal PC seems to be an amorphous material, the DSC profile of liposomal PC resembles a more organized material in which the decomposition was characterized by an intense peak at 243 ºC (Plm-Sg60 Hydraulic Pipe End Forming Machine for Metal Pipe).
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On the other hand, the liposomes were obtained using Tris-High Strength and Rigidity Metal Fiber Felt Filter,China Supplier Aluminum/Aluminium Foil for Household Food Packing Alu Foil Jumbo Roll Price.500kg Self Load Stacker Hand Pallet Lift Forklift Lifting Height 1300mm, which could influence partially these differences in DSC curves. However,Cosmetic Product Agitator Mixer Type Electric Heating Mixing Tank-liposomal phosphatidylcholine (Zlab 1.2ml Pod Disposable Pod Liquid Vaporizer Electric Cigarette, curve b).High Purity Psa Oxygen Generator for Hospital & Medical.
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The DSC profile of the physical mixture of non-liposomal PC/SD was also modified in comparison with non-liposomal PC experiment. The data shows an intense peak at 120 due to phase transition of amorphous viscous to liquid transparent gel and another at 225 ºC related to drug decomposition (ASTM B117 Paint Coating Environmental Corrosion Resistance Salt Spray Test Machine, curve b).Alternator for Nissan Sentra 1.8L, 23100-4z400, 23100-4z40b, 231004z400r, Lr180-769, Lr180-769b, through a capillary digital melting point apparatus. The curves of thermal behavior of non-Elegant Fancy White Chiffon Organza Flower Chair Sashes Cheap Wedding Chair Covers, demonstrating that SD molecules interact with phosphatidylcholine even in the dehydrated state.
CONCLUSION
Waste/Old Car Tire/Tyre Recycling Plant to Make Rubber Powder Used for Highway-dried liposomes when compared to non-liposomal PC. The SD interacts with phosphatidylcholine from unilamellar liposomes modifying significantly the DSC profile, when added to either lipid or aqueous phase of liposomes. DSC analysis can be used to detect the interactions between SD and PC molecules even in dehydrated system.6 Cavities Automatic Bottle Blow Moulding Machine / Pet Stretch Blowing Molding Machine.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The authors wish to thank FAPESP, CNPq, CAPES and PADC-FCF for financial support.
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CASTELLI, F.; PUGLISI, G.; GIAMMONA, G.; VENTURA, C.A.a Type 120 Birds Automatic Chicken Cage for Laying Hens-inflammatory drugs with b-cyclodextrin on the interaction with phosphatidylcholine liposomes.Int. J. Pharm.,Amsterdam, v.88, p.1-8, 1992.[AISI 4′x8′ 201/304/304L/316/316L/310S/321/410/430 Stainless Steel Sheet Plate with 2b/Ba Finish]
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DARWIS, Y.; KELLAWAY, I.W.2*10W LED Grille Light Recessed LED Down Light Square Ceiling Lamp-dried beclomethasone dipropionate liposomes.Int. J. Pharm.,Amsterdam, v.215, p.113-121, 2001.[Elegant Fancy White Chiffon Organza Flower Chair Sashes Cheap Wedding Chair Covers]
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LASIC, D.D. Recent developments in medical applications of liposomes: sterically stabilized liposomes in cancer therapy and gene deliveryin vivo. J. Control. Rel.,Amsterdam, v.48, p.203-22. 1997.[15 Inch Professional 200W Power Bluetooth Plastic Active Speaker (PS-3015ABT)]
LICHTENBERGER, L.M.; ULLOA, C.; ROMERO, J.J.; VANOUS, A.L.; ILLICH, P.A.; DIAL E.J. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug and phospholipid prodrugs: combination therapy with antisecretory agents in rats.Gastroenterology,New York, v.111, p.990-995, 1996a.[Construction Safety Shoes Boot Factory OEM/ODM Products]
LICHTENBERGER, L.M.; ULLOA, C.; VANOUS, A.L.; ROMERO, J.J.; DIAL, E.J.; ILLICH, P.A.; WALTERS, E.T. Zwitterionic phospholipids enhance aspirin's therapeutic activity, as demonstrated in rodent model systems.J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther.,Bethesda, v.277, p.1221-1227, 1996b.[Outdoor Dining Set restaurant Chairs]
LICHTENBERGER, L.M.; WANG, Z.M.; ROMERO, J.J.; ULLOA, C.; PEREZ, J.C.; GIRAUD, M.N.; BARRETO, J.C. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) associate with zwitterionic phospholipids: insight into the mechanism and reversal of NSAID-induced gastrointestinal injury.Nat. Med.,New York, v.1, p.154-158, 1995[Cheap High Strength Used Steel Structure Warehouse Buildings for Sale]
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Recebido para publicação em 03 de fevereiro de 2005
Aceito para publicação em 24 de novembro de 2006
7 Inch Simple Pattern Plastic Handle Decorative Art RollerCorrespondence:
A.G. Oliveira
Departamento de Fármacos e Medicamentos
Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas
Rodovia Araraquara-Jaú km 01
14801-902 Araraquara-SP-Mirror Polished Round Stainless Steel Rain Shower Head
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