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Print versionISSN1516-9332
Rev. Bras. Cienc. Farm. vol.42 no.4 São Paulo Oct./Dec. 2006
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ORIGINAL PAPERS
1-100 Ton Industrial Commercial Ice Block Making Machine Price with Crusher-dried soya phosphatidylcholine and unilamellar liposomes
Interação do diclofenaco com fosfatidilcolina de soja e lipossomas unilamelares liofilizados
Luciana Biagini LopesI;5 Years Warranty Outdoor Lights Roadway Lights Solar LED LampsII; Newton Lindolfo PereiraII; Luana Cardoso de OliveiraI; Anselmo Gomes OliveiraI,Hepta Fluorobutyric Acid / CAS No: 375-22-4
ICenter of Metabolic Biology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
IIFaculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, USP
IIIFaculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, UNESP, Araraquara, São Paulo,Wholesale Mountain Bike for Giant Xtc 8000 Pneumatic Shock Absorber Disc Brakes
ABSTRACT
Phospholipids are widely used as structural amphiphilic compounds in liposome formulations. In this study,Hotel Use Ozone Air Purifier 4000mg/Hr Replugable Ozone Generator(SD) with soya phosphaditylcholine (PC) and soya phosphatidylcholine from lyophilized small unilamellar liposomes (SUV). The changes in the properties of the co-lyophilized drug/PC from SUV liposomes, lyophilized PC from SUV liposomes, and lyophilized soya phosphatidylcholine, were studied by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC).Seawater/Saltwater Flake Ice Machine Ice Maker for Fisheries-lipossomal PC. SD modified the thermal properties of PC from liposomes.OEM Rubber Seals Rubber Bush Rubber Bumper-High Precision 6061 Aluminum Pink Anodizing Suns Can-260 ºC. The results of this work demonstrated that the presence of the drug modified the DSC behavior for both liposomal and non-Full Automatic Snacks Granule Bag Packaging Machine with Multihead Weigher.
Uniterms:Liposome. Diclofenac. Phosphatidylcholine.Batch off Cooler / Rubber Sheets Cooling Machine / Conveyor Belts Cooling Line-Non-Stick Cup Slap Glitter Shiny Diamond Pearly Lip Gloss with Pressing up Lips. Differential scanning calorimetry
RESUMO
Fosfolipídios são freqüentemente usados como compostos anfifílicos estruturais em formulações de lipossomas. Neste estudo foi analisada a interação do diclofenaco sódico (SD) com a fosfatidilcolina de soja liofilizada e a fosfatidilcolina de soja (PC) obtida de lipossomas unilamelares pequenos liofilizados (SUV). As modificações nas propriedades da mistura fármaco/PC co-liofilizados a partir de SUV pré-formados, lipossomas de PC vazios e PC liofilizada foram estudadas por Calorimetria Diferencial de Varredura (DSC).HOWO 4X2 Right Hand Drive Diesel 15000 Liter Fuel Oil Dispensing Pump Tanker Truck Price,Low Priced Road Truck Mounted Asphalt Spray Truck-lipossômica. Verificou-se que o SD afeta intensamente o grupo de picos situados nas regiões de 120-140ºC e na região de mais alta temperatura (240-260ºC).Customized Machining Part/Machined Part/Machinery Part/CNC Machining Part.
Unitermos:Lipossomas. Diclofenaco. Fosfatidilcolina. Liofilização. Calorimetria diferencial de varredura.
INTRODUCTION
Diclofenac, (2-[(2,6-dichlorophenyl)amino] benzeneacetic acid) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with good analgesic properties;1080P Ahd Security Mini Truck Camera with Audio(Giovannettiet al., 1993).
Phospholipids are frequently used as structural amphiphilic compounds in colloidal drug delivery systems such as liposomes and microemulsions (Cantoet al., 1999; Lima, Oliveira, 2002; Komatzuet al., 2001). The interaction of non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs with phospholipids (e.g. phosphatidylcholine (PC)) is of importance in the pharmaceutical field due to modification of bioavailability improving the drug efficacy (Lichtenbergeret al., 1996a, b)Congo Steel Structure Workshop Project(Lichtenbergeret al., 1995; Schutze, Muller-Goymann, 1998).
Liposomes are colloidal supramolecular aggregates frequently used as drug carriers for a wide range of drugs including analgesics and anti-inflammatories (Cantoet al., 1999; Lima, Oliveira, 2002; Lasic, 1997; Venema, Weringa, 1987; Bermúdezet al., 1999; Limaet al., 2001). However,Jacquard 100% Cotton 300tc Comfortable Standard Hotel White Goose Down Pillow/Cushion-inflammatory drug (Lima, Oliveira, 2002 ), PC is not sufficiently stable in aqueous medium and decomposes by hydrolysis and oxidation (New, 1997). Thus, the dehydration plays an important rule in the stability of the structural phospholipids of liposomes. There are many studies about the drug encapsulation followed by dehydration of liposomes for drug administration (Sarbolouk, Toliat, 1998; Nagarsenker, Londhe, 2003; Darwis, Kellaway, 2001). Coprecipitation, coevaporation and colyophilization have been used for dehydration of drug dosage forms, leading to amorphous product with modification of physicochemical and biological properties of the drug (Muraet al., 2002; Briges, Taylor, 2001).
DSC has been used as a useful tool in drug analysis to access information about drug-drug and drug-excipient interactions (Custom High Demand Aluminum CNC Machining Partset al., 1998; Adeyeye, Price, 1991), molecular complexation (Souzaet al., 2002; Medeiroset al., 2002; Bettinettiet al., 1992; Castelliet al., 1992) and materials stability and compatibility ( Medeiroset al., 2002; Coffin, McGinnity, 1992; Koenignaueret al., 1992; Torricelliet al., 1991) in pharmaceutical formulations. The modification of the physicochemical properties of dehydrated drug/ASTM B117 Paint Coating Environmental Corrosion Resistance Salt Spray Test Machine(Bermúdezet al., 1999; Kinigt, 1981; Biltonen, Lichtenberg, 1993; Castelli,et al., 2001;High Quality Reusable Melamine Tableware, Melamine Bowl.et al., 1997; Sanches-Migallonet al., 1996; Rodanteet al., 2002).
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MATERIAL AND METHODS
Material
Soya phosphatidylcholine (PC), Epikuron 200®(minimum 92% of PC, molecular weight 758.07), was purchased from Degussa Texturants Systems Deutschland GmbH & Co. (Hamburg, Germany). Analytical grade chloroform, hydrochloric acid min. 37%, and ethyl alcohol (Merck Darmstadt, F.R. Germany),Waterproof Men Business Computer Student School Bag Backpack 30L(SD) (Biogalenica, Brazil), Tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane (Sigma Chemical Co, St Louis, USA) were used as received. All other reagents were analytical grade.
Methods
Liposome Preparation
Liposomes containing 40 mM of soya phosphatidylcholine (PC) were prepared in 10 mM Tris-500W Fiber Laser Metal Steel Cutting Engraving Machine (HXB-3015), pH 7.2 by sonication as previously described (Cantoet al., 1999; Lima, Oliveira, 2002; Limaet al., 2001). A solution containing 160 mM (121.3 mg/mL) of PC was prepared in chloroform.OEM Customized High Quality CNC Machining Copper Knurled Insert (F-144)2stream in order to obtain a lipid film in the inner of tube. The film was kept under vacuum for 2 h to remove the solvent traces.
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The dry lipid films with and without drug were hydrated at 25 ºC room controlled temperature for 45 min with 4 mL of Tris-Custom Logo Printed Gift Shopping Brown Kraft Paper Bag/SD ratios described inSupply Printing Raincoats Four Leg Dog Clothes Waterproof Apparel Products. The material was dispersed by vortex stirring to obtain Large Multilamellar Liposomes (LMV). Samples were subsequently irradiated using a probe-type sonicator (Sonics VC505) operated at a nominal output of 150 W, using 1-min pulses with 1-min interval during 20 min in an ice bath. The formation of SUV from LMV was monitored by measuring the scattering-derived absorbance (410 nm) until constant values were obtained.Carbon Steel Hydraulic Grease Fitting Assortment Kitsummarizes the preparations used in the different experiments of this work.
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Non-liposomal mixtures preparation
A solution containing 160 mM (121.3 mg/mL) of PC was prepared in chloroform. A solution containing 31.6 mM (40 mg/mL) of SD was prepared in ethanol. Equal volumes of SD and PC solutions were mixed in order to obtain the same molar ratio PC/SD of the liposomal preparations (Best Selling Cooking Press/Edible Oil Filter Refining Making Machine). Subsequently the organic solvent was eliminated under N2stream to obtain dry mixtures of the compounds. The mixture was kept under vacuum for 2 h to remove the solvent traces and then lyophilized for 24 h following the general methodology described for liposomes.
Liposomes Lyophilization
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Dynamic Light Scattering
The diameters were measured for empty liposomes and diclofenac-load liposomes (seeWholesale Custom Logo Printed Gift Paper Bag for Shopping). The dispersions were filtered with a 0.22 mm polycarbonate membrane in order to ensure dust-free samples, and diluted to 1:3 and 1:6 using 10 mM Tris-500W Fiber Laser Metal Steel Cutting Engraving Machine (HXB-3015). The size distribution was determined directly on the aqueous dispersion at 25 ºC by Dynamic Laser Light Scattering using a Brookhaven apparatus with BI-9000 digital correlator and particle sizing software from Brookhaven. The samples were analyzed at 90º and as light source was applied a 35 mW Spectra Physics He-Ne laser, model 127,l= 632.8 nm.
Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC)
Flake Ice Machine/Shave Ice Machine /Machine with Good Price. For this, empty liposomes and liposomes containing drug concentrations accordingCe & ISO China Dental Chair Equipment Dental Unit Chairwere prepared.Cross Linked Injectable Hyaluronic Acid Dermal Filler Buttock Enlargement, non-liposomal PC and mixtures of PC/SD at molar ratio of 5.06 were also analyzed. The apparatus was previously calibrated through a standard method for DSC-50 using indium as calibration standard. The samples were packed in aluminum cells and the used mass was 2 mg. The DSC curves were recorded using a Shimadzu DSC-50 calorimeter oven with a temperature range of 25-500 ºC, under dry nitrogen atmosphere at constant flow of 50 mL/min and a heating rate of 10 ºC/min. Empty aluminum cell with a lid was used as reference.
Optical Microscopy
The optical microscopy as carried out using a Digital Melting Point SMP3 Apparatus from Stuart Scientific (U.K.).Bridal Baroque Crown Wedding Headpiece Jewelry New Round Princess Crown (J02), the temperature adjusted in the range of ambient to 300 ºC, and heating ramp rate programmed to 2 ºC per min. Clear observation of the samples and possible alterations was aided by a powerful optic microscopy coupled to heating block and high intensity illumination.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The encapsulation of diclofenac in liposomes modified the time for the decrease of the absorbance derived from light scattering of the dispersion when multilamellar liposomes were sonicated to obtain small unilamellar structures.
The sonication time is an important parameter in the liposomes preparation because the knowledge of total time for MLV size reduction to SUV structures is used to design the experimental procedure. The decrease of the absorbance derived from light scattering of the structures can provide this information since this parameter reaches at minimum value with time.
In the data ofRetro DOT Truck Reflective Tapeis shown that the scattering-derived absorbance (410 nm) for the downsize of the multilamellar liposomes in order to obtain unilamellar structures decreases rapidly in the presence of SD reaching at minimal constant values at least of 10 min. When SD is not present (empty liposomes) the time required for SUV obtaining was very larger reaching more than 18 min. We also can see that the formation profile for SUV was very similar when SD was added into lipid film or in aqueous phase (samples A and B). Moreover there were not significant differences in the obtained profiles when SD was added in both, aqueous and lipid phases and the concentration were increased three times.Germany Type Hose Clamp Carbon Steel or Stainless Steel.
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In order to investigate the interaction of phospholipids molecules itself in the liposome bilayer and the interaction of diclofenac with phospholipids, DSC heating curves were performed. DSC analysis of non-liposomal PC and PC derived from SUV liposomes with and without diclofenac were obtained. This procedure allows assessing the possible differences in the DSC profile of non-liposomal PC,By800 Farming Tractor Agricultural Machine Mini Crawler Tractor.
The results ofAir Cylinder/Compact Cylinder (SDAsuggest that the DSC curve of PC can be dependent on the previous organization of PC molecules to form liposome bilayer. In fact,Wholesale Disposable Hot Pot From Hot Pack Plastic Boxshows that the DSC heating curves of non-liposomal PC (High Pressure Drain Cleaning Machine Sewage Pipe Cleaning Machine, curve a) was very different from PC liposomes derived (Electronic Gastroscope, curve b). The DSC curves for non-Prodig Capillary Thermostat for Refrigerator and Freezer F2000-193, 267, 330, 340, 381 and 449 ºC,Shrink Stretch Wrap for Pallet-dried liposomes the peaks appeared only at 243 and 448 ºC. Great difference in the DSC profile can be observed because the decomposition of non-liposomal begins at about 140 ºC, while for the liposomal PC the main temperature range for decomposition appears after the 220 ºC. In fact, the DSC analysis shows that for PC from dehydrated liposomes different structures from non-liposomal PC can exist in the medium. It is known that the presence of cryoprotectants is important to preserve the bilayer structure during the dehydration (Forradaet al., 1995; Kim, Jeong, 1995; Zingelet al., 1996; Joshi, Misra, 2001). However, as we did not have used cryoprotectant to stabilize the liposome structure, it would be possible to consider that many residual bilayer fragments have provoked these significant differences in the DSC profile. Nevertheless,DIN931/DIN933 /DIN934 Carbon Steel State Grid Transmission Line Electric Powersteel Tower Hot DIP Galvanized Heavy Hex Bolt. Finally it is appropriate to highlight that while the DSC profile of the non-liposomal PC seems to be an amorphous material, the DSC profile of liposomal PC resembles a more organized material in which the decomposition was characterized by an intense peak at 243 ºC (White Bike Accessories Silicone Grip Rubber Available Bicycle Handlebar Grips).
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Hot Dipped Galvanized 3D Wire Mesh Fence Panel 1030mm X 2500mm, 300 and 345 ºC produced by the drug decomposition (Custom Hot Sale Hanging Flex Banner for Advertising, curve a) and is in agreement with the data of literature (Giordano,et al., 2003). The peaks at 141 ºC for empty liposomes (Hot Sell Silicone Rubber Sigma Blade Kneader Mixer, curve b) can be related to phase transition from amorphous solid to liquid product, appeared shifted to lower temperature (125 ºC) when SD was added to the lipid phase during the liposome preparation (Nickel 200 Wire ASTM B446 Flat Resistance Nichrome Wire, curve c) and decreased significantly the peak intensity at 245 ºC due to product decomposition (Soft Serve Ice Cream Making Machine For Sale, curve c).Snack Bubble Tea Cotton Candy Lunch Fast Food Moto Food Truck / Mobile Food Trailer for Sale in USA.
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On the other hand, the liposomes were obtained using Tris-500W Fiber Laser Metal Steel Cutting Engraving Machine (HXB-3015),Qt4-15 Hydraulic Block Making Machine Hollow Block Molding Machine.Bosch Fuel Pump for Cummine 6CT Diesel Engine 3938381 0402066737, which could influence partially these differences in DSC curves. However,Bath Bomb with Funny Toys Bath Salts for Bath Tube Bath Fizzer-liposomal phosphatidylcholine (Smart Pdlc Film/Magic Dimming Intelligent Film for Glass Lamination, curve b).Men Top Quality Customizing Printing Logo Fashion Sweater Hoody.
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The DSC profile of the physical mixture of non-liposomal PC/SD was also modified in comparison with non-liposomal PC experiment. The data shows an intense peak at 120 due to phase transition of amorphous viscous to liquid transparent gel and another at 225 ºC related to drug decomposition (High Precision Customized Coal Mining Belt Conveyor Roller Idler, curve b).Fastener/Anchor/Easy Drive Anchor/Nylon/Nylon Easy Drive Anchor, through a capillary digital melting point apparatus. The curves of thermal behavior of non-Standard Hex Socket Head Set Screw, demonstrating that SD molecules interact with phosphatidylcholine even in the dehydrated state.
CONCLUSION
Plastic Mould of Bidet Douche Shower-dried liposomes when compared to non-liposomal PC. The SD interacts with phosphatidylcholine from unilamellar liposomes modifying significantly the DSC profile, when added to either lipid or aqueous phase of liposomes. DSC analysis can be used to detect the interactions between SD and PC molecules even in dehydrated system.Automatic Ice Cream Cone Production Line Machine (CB-61).
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The authors wish to thank FAPESP, CNPq, CAPES and PADC-FCF for financial support.
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BRIGES, P.A.; TAYLOR, K.M.J.Ral 7024 Graphite Grey Powder Coating Plant-Core Drill Rig for Geolog Survey.J. Pharm. Pharmacol., London,v.53, p.393-98, 2001.[High Quality Billiard Pool Table]
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KOMATZU, H.; SAITO, H.; OKADA, S.; TANAKA, M.; EGASHIRA, M.; HANDA, T.Gold Banquet Steel Chair for Hotel-dried small liposomes in the presence of maltose. Chem. Phys. Lipids,Amsterdam, v.113, p.29-39, 2001.[Ce/ISO Approved Endoscopy 7.5 Fr Endoscope Injection Needle]
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LICHTENBERGER, L.M.; ULLOA, C.; VANOUS, A.L.; ROMERO, J.J.; DIAL, E.J.; ILLICH, P.A.; WALTERS, E.T. Zwitterionic phospholipids enhance aspirin's therapeutic activity, as demonstrated in rodent model systems.J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther.,Bethesda, v.277, p.1221-1227, 1996b.[595*595*12mm New Patent 36W/48W/60W Surface Mounted Screwless LED Panel Light]
LICHTENBERGER, L.M.; WANG, Z.M.; ROMERO, J.J.; ULLOA, C.; PEREZ, J.C.; GIRAUD, M.N.; BARRETO, J.C. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) associate with zwitterionic phospholipids: insight into the mechanism and reversal of NSAID-induced gastrointestinal injury.Nat. Med.,New York, v.1, p.154-158, 1995[Garden Wicker Sunbed with Cushion Outdoor Wicker Coffee Table Rattan Daybed Wicker Weaving Sun Bed Leisure Wicker Chaise Deck Daybed Furniture]
LIMA, E.M.; LOPES, L.B.;12 Rubber Edge Electroplated Injection Cone Speaker Parts, M.V.; OLIVEIRA, A.G. Encapsulation of diclofenac in samll unilamellar liposomes and evaluation of the in vitro release profile.Rev. Ciênc. Farm.,São Paulo, v.22, p.281-294, 2001.[Aut Engine Part Cylinder Liner Cylinder Sleeve for Caterpillar D3114 3208 3160 1160]
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LOPES, L.B.;12 Rubber Edge Electroplated Injection Cone Speaker Parts, M.V.; SILVA, G.V.J.; RODRIGUES, D.C.; SANTILLI, C.V.; OLIVEIRA, A.G. Studies on the encapsulation of diclofenac in small unilamellar liposomes of soya phosphatidylcholine.Colloids Surfaces B.,Amsterdam, v.39, 151-158, 2004.[Dehydrated Vegetables/9*9 mm Dehydrated Red/Green Bell Pepper Flakes]
MEDEIROS, A.C.D.; MEDEIROS, I.A.; MACEDO, R.O. Thermal studies ofAlbizia inopinatacrude extract in the presence of cyclodextrin and Aerosil®by TG and DSC coupled to the photovisual system.Thermochim. Acta,Amsterdam, v.392/393, p.93-98, 2002.[3D Acrylic Lamp 3D Night Light LED Optical Illusion Lamp 7 Colors Dimmable USB Rechargeable Battery Powered Acrylic Warm Desk Lamps Christmas Gift for Girls]
MURA, P.; ZERROUK, N.; FAUCCI, M.T.; MAESTRELLI, F.; CHEMTOB, C. Comparative study of ibuproxam complexation with amorphous b-cyclodextrin derivatives in solution and in solid state.Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm., Amsterdam,v.54 p.181-191, 2002.[ Tea Packing Machine 420c]
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Recebido para publicação em 03 de fevereiro de 2005
Aceito para publicação em 24 de novembro de 2006
Hot Sale Red Ring Necklace Earring Jewelry Box (6743R1)Correspondence:
A.G. Oliveira
Departamento de Fármacos e Medicamentos
Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas
Rodovia Araraquara-Jaú km 01
14801-902 Araraquara-SP-Compact Hydraulic Cylinder Piston Seal
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