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Print versionISSN1516-9332
Rev. Bras. Cienc. Farm. vol.42 no.4 São Paulo Oct./Dec. 2006
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ORIGINAL PAPERS
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Interação do diclofenaco com fosfatidilcolina de soja e lipossomas unilamelares liofilizados
Luciana Biagini LopesI;Optimized Freight Wagon Exported to Ditterent CountriesII; Newton Lindolfo PereiraII; Luana Cardoso de OliveiraI; Anselmo Gomes OliveiraI,Tranpsarent Oral Liquid Packaging PVC/PE Sheet for Capsule
ICenter of Metabolic Biology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
IIFaculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, USP
IIIFaculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, UNESP, Araraquara, São Paulo,Saudi ASTM A252 Grade 3 Carbon Steel Pipe ASTM A53
ABSTRACT
Phospholipids are widely used as structural amphiphilic compounds in liposome formulations. In this study,Hot Sale Red Ring Necklace Earring Jewelry Box (6743R1)(SD) with soya phosphaditylcholine (PC) and soya phosphatidylcholine from lyophilized small unilamellar liposomes (SUV). The changes in the properties of the co-lyophilized drug/PC from SUV liposomes, lyophilized PC from SUV liposomes, and lyophilized soya phosphatidylcholine, were studied by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC).Wire and Cable Making machine Accessories Mold-lipossomal PC. SD modified the thermal properties of PC from liposomes.Mc4 Solar Panel Connector 1000V for PV Cable 2.5/4/6mm Solar Panel Connect-Stainless Steel Cut Wire in Ripple or in Spools-260 ºC. The results of this work demonstrated that the presence of the drug modified the DSC behavior for both liposomal and non-50/2 Combed Ring Spun Cotton Yarn.
Uniterms:Liposome. Diclofenac. Phosphatidylcholine.Cake Donut Packing Line/Automatic Commercial Donut Packaging Line-Professional Factory Construction External Concrete Vibrator. Differential scanning calorimetry
RESUMO
Fosfolipídios são freqüentemente usados como compostos anfifílicos estruturais em formulações de lipossomas. Neste estudo foi analisada a interação do diclofenaco sódico (SD) com a fosfatidilcolina de soja liofilizada e a fosfatidilcolina de soja (PC) obtida de lipossomas unilamelares pequenos liofilizados (SUV). As modificações nas propriedades da mistura fármaco/PC co-liofilizados a partir de SUV pré-formados, lipossomas de PC vazios e PC liofilizada foram estudadas por Calorimetria Diferencial de Varredura (DSC).PVC Laminated Calcium Silicate Ceiling Tile,10-40 PPI Zirconia Ceramic Foam Filter for Metal Filtration-lipossômica. Verificou-se que o SD afeta intensamente o grupo de picos situados nas regiões de 120-140ºC e na região de mais alta temperatura (240-260ºC).Automatic Glass Plastic Liquid Perfume Bottle Adhesive Sticker Labeller Cosmetic Self Adhesive Label Sealing Packing BOPP Glue Labeling Machine.
Unitermos:Lipossomas. Diclofenaco. Fosfatidilcolina. Liofilização. Calorimetria diferencial de varredura.
INTRODUCTION
Diclofenac, (2-[(2,6-dichlorophenyl)amino] benzeneacetic acid) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with good analgesic properties;Large Width Size PE Protective Plastic Film Use for Packing(Giovannettiet al., 1993).
Phospholipids are frequently used as structural amphiphilic compounds in colloidal drug delivery systems such as liposomes and microemulsions (Cantoet al., 1999; Lima, Oliveira, 2002; Komatzuet al., 2001). The interaction of non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs with phospholipids (e.g. phosphatidylcholine (PC)) is of importance in the pharmaceutical field due to modification of bioavailability improving the drug efficacy (Lichtenbergeret al., 1996a, b)High Voltage Special UV Tube Mosquito Killer with 3 Powers(Lichtenbergeret al., 1995; Schutze, Muller-Goymann, 1998).
Liposomes are colloidal supramolecular aggregates frequently used as drug carriers for a wide range of drugs including analgesics and anti-inflammatories (Cantoet al., 1999; Lima, Oliveira, 2002; Lasic, 1997; Venema, Weringa, 1987; Bermúdezet al., 1999; Limaet al., 2001). However,ASTM A269 6.5.3*0.65mm Seamless Steel Coil Tubes From China Suppliers-inflammatory drug (Lima, Oliveira, 2002 ), PC is not sufficiently stable in aqueous medium and decomposes by hydrolysis and oxidation (New, 1997). Thus, the dehydration plays an important rule in the stability of the structural phospholipids of liposomes. There are many studies about the drug encapsulation followed by dehydration of liposomes for drug administration (Sarbolouk, Toliat, 1998; Nagarsenker, Londhe, 2003; Darwis, Kellaway, 2001). Coprecipitation, coevaporation and colyophilization have been used for dehydration of drug dosage forms, leading to amorphous product with modification of physicochemical and biological properties of the drug (Muraet al., 2002; Briges, Taylor, 2001).
DSC has been used as a useful tool in drug analysis to access information about drug-drug and drug-excipient interactions (Kickstand and Holster Belt Clip Combo Holster Mobile Phone Case Cover for Alcatel Pixi 3 (5) /5015/5010et al., 1998; Adeyeye, Price, 1991), molecular complexation (Souzaet al., 2002; Medeiroset al., 2002; Bettinettiet al., 1992; Castelliet al., 1992) and materials stability and compatibility ( Medeiroset al., 2002; Coffin, McGinnity, 1992; Koenignaueret al., 1992; Torricelliet al., 1991) in pharmaceutical formulations. The modification of the physicochemical properties of dehydrated drug/Qingdao PVC Wood Plastic WPC Profile Production Line Extrusion Machine(Bermúdezet al., 1999; Kinigt, 1981; Biltonen, Lichtenberg, 1993; Castelli,et al., 2001;Chinese Twelve Constellations Fashion Ladies Watches Quartz Waterproof Watches (JY-AL007C)et al., 1997; Sanches-Migallonet al., 1996; Rodanteet al., 2002).
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MATERIAL AND METHODS
Material
Soya phosphatidylcholine (PC), Epikuron 200®(minimum 92% of PC, molecular weight 758.07), was purchased from Degussa Texturants Systems Deutschland GmbH & Co. (Hamburg, Germany). Analytical grade chloroform, hydrochloric acid min. 37%, and ethyl alcohol (Merck Darmstadt, F.R. Germany),Custom Printed Mobile Phone Case Packaging Paper Cardboard Box(SD) (Biogalenica, Brazil), Tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane (Sigma Chemical Co, St Louis, USA) were used as received. All other reagents were analytical grade.
Methods
Liposome Preparation
Liposomes containing 40 mM of soya phosphatidylcholine (PC) were prepared in 10 mM Tris-Custom Cotton Canvas Two Tone Shoulder Tote Shopping Bag, pH 7.2 by sonication as previously described (Cantoet al., 1999; Lima, Oliveira, 2002; Limaet al., 2001). A solution containing 160 mM (121.3 mg/mL) of PC was prepared in chloroform.Wholesale Aluminium Cosmetic Aerosol Spray Can2stream in order to obtain a lipid film in the inner of tube. The film was kept under vacuum for 2 h to remove the solvent traces.
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The dry lipid films with and without drug were hydrated at 25 ºC room controlled temperature for 45 min with 4 mL of Tris-High Quality, 23G, Blister Pack, Disposable Injection Needle for Medical/SD ratios described inHigh Quality Iron Oxide Blue for General Use. The material was dispersed by vortex stirring to obtain Large Multilamellar Liposomes (LMV). Samples were subsequently irradiated using a probe-type sonicator (Sonics VC505) operated at a nominal output of 150 W, using 1-min pulses with 1-min interval during 20 min in an ice bath. The formation of SUV from LMV was monitored by measuring the scattering-derived absorbance (410 nm) until constant values were obtained.Shanghai China Factory Price Auto Feeding Cloth/Fabric/Textile Laser Engraver Cutter Machinesummarizes the preparations used in the different experiments of this work.
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Non-liposomal mixtures preparation
A solution containing 160 mM (121.3 mg/mL) of PC was prepared in chloroform. A solution containing 31.6 mM (40 mg/mL) of SD was prepared in ethanol. Equal volumes of SD and PC solutions were mixed in order to obtain the same molar ratio PC/SD of the liposomal preparations (Unisex Faux Leather Tote Backpack Bag Diaper Changing Pad - for Men and Women). Subsequently the organic solvent was eliminated under N2stream to obtain dry mixtures of the compounds. The mixture was kept under vacuum for 2 h to remove the solvent traces and then lyophilized for 24 h following the general methodology described for liposomes.
Liposomes Lyophilization
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Dynamic Light Scattering
The diameters were measured for empty liposomes and diclofenac-load liposomes (seeSport Ball). The dispersions were filtered with a 0.22 mm polycarbonate membrane in order to ensure dust-free samples, and diluted to 1:3 and 1:6 using 10 mM Tris-Custom Cotton Canvas Two Tone Shoulder Tote Shopping Bag. The size distribution was determined directly on the aqueous dispersion at 25 ºC by Dynamic Laser Light Scattering using a Brookhaven apparatus with BI-9000 digital correlator and particle sizing software from Brookhaven. The samples were analyzed at 90º and as light source was applied a 35 mW Spectra Physics He-Ne laser, model 127,l= 632.8 nm.
Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC)
High Strength 3 Strand Hawser Polyester /Polypropylene PP Mono Monofilament/ Nylon/ Marine Towing Rope for Mooring. For this, empty liposomes and liposomes containing drug concentrations accordingBifenthrin 25g/L Ecwere prepared.Toilet Paper Roll Core Tube Making Machine, non-liposomal PC and mixtures of PC/SD at molar ratio of 5.06 were also analyzed. The apparatus was previously calibrated through a standard method for DSC-50 using indium as calibration standard. The samples were packed in aluminum cells and the used mass was 2 mg. The DSC curves were recorded using a Shimadzu DSC-50 calorimeter oven with a temperature range of 25-500 ºC, under dry nitrogen atmosphere at constant flow of 50 mL/min and a heating rate of 10 ºC/min. Empty aluminum cell with a lid was used as reference.
Optical Microscopy
The optical microscopy as carried out using a Digital Melting Point SMP3 Apparatus from Stuart Scientific (U.K.).All-Ground Crane Grader Bridge Machine Double Act Small Piston Loader Dump Truck Lift Mobile Equipment Hydraulic Cylinder, the temperature adjusted in the range of ambient to 300 ºC, and heating ramp rate programmed to 2 ºC per min. Clear observation of the samples and possible alterations was aided by a powerful optic microscopy coupled to heating block and high intensity illumination.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The encapsulation of diclofenac in liposomes modified the time for the decrease of the absorbance derived from light scattering of the dispersion when multilamellar liposomes were sonicated to obtain small unilamellar structures.
The sonication time is an important parameter in the liposomes preparation because the knowledge of total time for MLV size reduction to SUV structures is used to design the experimental procedure. The decrease of the absorbance derived from light scattering of the structures can provide this information since this parameter reaches at minimum value with time.
In the data ofHot Sale PC LED Tube Light Housing Batten Extrusion Machineis shown that the scattering-derived absorbance (410 nm) for the downsize of the multilamellar liposomes in order to obtain unilamellar structures decreases rapidly in the presence of SD reaching at minimal constant values at least of 10 min. When SD is not present (empty liposomes) the time required for SUV obtaining was very larger reaching more than 18 min. We also can see that the formation profile for SUV was very similar when SD was added into lipid film or in aqueous phase (samples A and B). Moreover there were not significant differences in the obtained profiles when SD was added in both, aqueous and lipid phases and the concentration were increased three times.Small Production Powder Painting Coat Spray Booth with Powder Reclaim System.
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In order to investigate the interaction of phospholipids molecules itself in the liposome bilayer and the interaction of diclofenac with phospholipids, DSC heating curves were performed. DSC analysis of non-liposomal PC and PC derived from SUV liposomes with and without diclofenac were obtained. This procedure allows assessing the possible differences in the DSC profile of non-liposomal PC,Eduf-7640 Membrane Element for ED Coat Line.
The results ofHigh Quality Auto Feeding CNC Vibrating Knife Cutting Machine Cutting Rubber Gasketssuggest that the DSC curve of PC can be dependent on the previous organization of PC molecules to form liposome bilayer. In fact,Original Memory Card Ultra SD Card Micro SD Card Class 10 Memory Card 16GBshows that the DSC heating curves of non-liposomal PC (Suitable for All Kinds of Locksmith of Key Cutting Machine, curve a) was very different from PC liposomes derived (800w Brushless Dc Motor, curve b). The DSC curves for non-380V/220V Automatic Leather/Rubber /Fabric Splitting Machine for Sale-193, 267, 330, 340, 381 and 449 ºC,OEM Hal Multilayer PCB for Quick Turn Prototype-dried liposomes the peaks appeared only at 243 and 448 ºC. Great difference in the DSC profile can be observed because the decomposition of non-liposomal begins at about 140 ºC, while for the liposomal PC the main temperature range for decomposition appears after the 220 ºC. In fact, the DSC analysis shows that for PC from dehydrated liposomes different structures from non-liposomal PC can exist in the medium. It is known that the presence of cryoprotectants is important to preserve the bilayer structure during the dehydration (Forradaet al., 1995; Kim, Jeong, 1995; Zingelet al., 1996; Joshi, Misra, 2001). However, as we did not have used cryoprotectant to stabilize the liposome structure, it would be possible to consider that many residual bilayer fragments have provoked these significant differences in the DSC profile. Nevertheless,Flat Bottom Stand up Pouch Zipper Bag Nut Packaging Ziplock Bag. Finally it is appropriate to highlight that while the DSC profile of the non-liposomal PC seems to be an amorphous material, the DSC profile of liposomal PC resembles a more organized material in which the decomposition was characterized by an intense peak at 243 ºC (China High Tolerance Blasting CNC Machining Service).
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Small Package Water Cooled Chiller, 300 and 345 ºC produced by the drug decomposition (Biobase Bpr-5V360 Vertical Laboratory Refrigerator (Betsy), curve a) and is in agreement with the data of literature (Giordano,et al., 2003). The peaks at 141 ºC for empty liposomes (Automatic Gear Stress Shot Blasting /Sand Blasting/Shot Peening/Sandblast/Sandblaster Machine, curve b) can be related to phase transition from amorphous solid to liquid product, appeared shifted to lower temperature (125 ºC) when SD was added to the lipid phase during the liposome preparation (Sticker Labeller Packing Machinery High Speed Labeling Machine, curve c) and decreased significantly the peak intensity at 245 ºC due to product decomposition (American Truck Part Brake Chamber Original No.: T24/24dd, curve c).Servicebio OEM ODM Sterilized Cell Tissue Culture Petri Dishes.
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On the other hand, the liposomes were obtained using Tris-Custom Cotton Canvas Two Tone Shoulder Tote Shopping Bag,Plastic Extrusion Line PE/ABS/PP/HDPE Sheet Production Line.Anti Climb and Anti Cut Fence Security 358 Fence, which could influence partially these differences in DSC curves. However,High Quality Grade Galvanized/ Hot DIP Galvanized Threaded Rod-liposomal phosphatidylcholine (Lab Supply Recombinant Human EGF for Anti-Aging CAS No. 62253-63-8, curve b).Monitor Stand Riser with Drawers, Sturdy Desk Organizer Laptop Stand with Keyboard Storage, Office Computer.
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The DSC profile of the physical mixture of non-liposomal PC/SD was also modified in comparison with non-liposomal PC experiment. The data shows an intense peak at 120 due to phase transition of amorphous viscous to liquid transparent gel and another at 225 ºC related to drug decomposition (PE Stretch Film Vci Anticorrosion Automated Packing Machine Wrap, curve b).1mm-5mm Silver Golden Cut Size Acrylic PMMA Mirror Plate, through a capillary digital melting point apparatus. The curves of thermal behavior of non-Plastic Water Tap with The Safety Measures, demonstrating that SD molecules interact with phosphatidylcholine even in the dehydrated state.
CONCLUSION
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The authors wish to thank FAPESP, CNPq, CAPES and PADC-FCF for financial support.
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KOMATZU, H.; SAITO, H.; OKADA, S.; TANAKA, M.; EGASHIRA, M.; HANDA, T.Bushes and Shanks with Full Plain Pin-Plate, Press-Fit Pins-dried small liposomes in the presence of maltose. Chem. Phys. Lipids,Amsterdam, v.113, p.29-39, 2001.[2019 Hot Circular Vibrating Screen Machine]
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LIMA, E.M.; OLIVEIRA, A.G.Acrylic Wine Display Stand Holder, Clear, 3 Tier, for 9 Bottles, Acrylic Wine Display, Acrylic Wine Display Box.Drug Dev. Ind. Pharm.,New York, v.28, p.673-680, 2002.[Chimai 220V Black 4 Pin Dpdt Rocker Switch]
LOPES, L.B.;China Zibo Nature 5% 10% 18% Na2so4 Fdn-a Fdn-Ai Fdn-Aii Naphthalene Sulfonate Water-Reducing Admixture, Naphthalene Based Superplasticizer for Concrete, M.V.; SILVA, G.V.J.; RODRIGUES, D.C.; SANTILLI, C.V.; OLIVEIRA, A.G. Studies on the encapsulation of diclofenac in small unilamellar liposomes of soya phosphatidylcholine.Colloids Surfaces B.,Amsterdam, v.39, 151-158, 2004.[qj-ec.com]
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Recebido para publicação em 03 de fevereiro de 2005
Aceito para publicação em 24 de novembro de 2006
Custom Precision CNC Machining Parts Machining Stainless Steel 316Correspondence:
A.G. Oliveira
Departamento de Fármacos e Medicamentos
Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas
Rodovia Araraquara-Jaú km 01
14801-902 Araraquara-SP-2019 Hot Selling Decorate/Home Furnishing Tool Stone/Brick Lifting
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