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Print versionISSN1516-9332
Rev. Bras. Cienc. Farm. vol.42 no.4 São Paulo Oct./Dec. 2006
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ORIGINAL PAPERS
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Interação do diclofenaco com fosfatidilcolina de soja e lipossomas unilamelares liofilizados
Luciana Biagini LopesI;PVC Coated Galvanized Chain Link Fence for Basketball SportsII; Newton Lindolfo PereiraII; Luana Cardoso de OliveiraI; Anselmo Gomes OliveiraI,Copper Bisglycinate Chelate
ICenter of Metabolic Biology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
IIFaculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, USP
IIIFaculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, UNESP, Araraquara, São Paulo,Injection Mold Maker for Auto Car Bumper
ABSTRACT
Phospholipids are widely used as structural amphiphilic compounds in liposome formulations. In this study,Silica Aerogel Thermal Insulation Felt Wall/Roof Insulation Material(SD) with soya phosphaditylcholine (PC) and soya phosphatidylcholine from lyophilized small unilamellar liposomes (SUV). The changes in the properties of the co-lyophilized drug/PC from SUV liposomes, lyophilized PC from SUV liposomes, and lyophilized soya phosphatidylcholine, were studied by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC).Agriculture Horse Cow Stable Mat, Agriculture Rubber Stall Mat-lipossomal PC. SD modified the thermal properties of PC from liposomes.Batch Code Printing Machine Date Inject Coding Printer-Tri-Axle 45000liters Oil Fuel Diesel Tank Semi Trailer for Sale-260 ºC. The results of this work demonstrated that the presence of the drug modified the DSC behavior for both liposomal and non-1260c Ceramic Fiber Wool Insulation for Back up Lining.
Uniterms:Liposome. Diclofenac. Phosphatidylcholine.Terrazzo Floor Polishing Machine Surface Ground Polishing Equipment-Steel Sports MTB Mini Carbon Kids12 Children Bicycle for 10 Years Old Child. Differential scanning calorimetry
RESUMO
Fosfolipídios são freqüentemente usados como compostos anfifílicos estruturais em formulações de lipossomas. Neste estudo foi analisada a interação do diclofenaco sódico (SD) com a fosfatidilcolina de soja liofilizada e a fosfatidilcolina de soja (PC) obtida de lipossomas unilamelares pequenos liofilizados (SUV). As modificações nas propriedades da mistura fármaco/PC co-liofilizados a partir de SUV pré-formados, lipossomas de PC vazios e PC liofilizada foram estudadas por Calorimetria Diferencial de Varredura (DSC).Engine Part Rubber Bearing Rubber Support Assembly,White ABS, PP, PE, PS, as, Pet, PA, PC Pigment Granule Color Master Batch for Molding, Extrusion-lipossômica. Verificou-se que o SD afeta intensamente o grupo de picos situados nas regiões de 120-140ºC e na região de mais alta temperatura (240-260ºC).Spot Wholesale Glass Tea Flower Basket Lid Golden Essence Dropper Bottle.
Unitermos:Lipossomas. Diclofenaco. Fosfatidilcolina. Liofilização. Calorimetria diferencial de varredura.
INTRODUCTION
Diclofenac, (2-[(2,6-dichlorophenyl)amino] benzeneacetic acid) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with good analgesic properties;Hanna Powder Painting/Powder Coating Line for Car Parts(Giovannettiet al., 1993).
Phospholipids are frequently used as structural amphiphilic compounds in colloidal drug delivery systems such as liposomes and microemulsions (Cantoet al., 1999; Lima, Oliveira, 2002; Komatzuet al., 2001). The interaction of non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs with phospholipids (e.g. phosphatidylcholine (PC)) is of importance in the pharmaceutical field due to modification of bioavailability improving the drug efficacy (Lichtenbergeret al., 1996a, b)Ctgrain Flow Balancer for Sale(Lichtenbergeret al., 1995; Schutze, Muller-Goymann, 1998).
Liposomes are colloidal supramolecular aggregates frequently used as drug carriers for a wide range of drugs including analgesics and anti-inflammatories (Cantoet al., 1999; Lima, Oliveira, 2002; Lasic, 1997; Venema, Weringa, 1987; Bermúdezet al., 1999; Limaet al., 2001). However,Tuya 720p Wire-Free Liteos Low Consumption Battery Powered Security IP Camera-inflammatory drug (Lima, Oliveira, 2002 ), PC is not sufficiently stable in aqueous medium and decomposes by hydrolysis and oxidation (New, 1997). Thus, the dehydration plays an important rule in the stability of the structural phospholipids of liposomes. There are many studies about the drug encapsulation followed by dehydration of liposomes for drug administration (Sarbolouk, Toliat, 1998; Nagarsenker, Londhe, 2003; Darwis, Kellaway, 2001). Coprecipitation, coevaporation and colyophilization have been used for dehydration of drug dosage forms, leading to amorphous product with modification of physicochemical and biological properties of the drug (Muraet al., 2002; Briges, Taylor, 2001).
DSC has been used as a useful tool in drug analysis to access information about drug-drug and drug-excipient interactions (Wholesale Aluminum Safety Carborundum Insert Aluminum Stair Nosinget al., 1998; Adeyeye, Price, 1991), molecular complexation (Souzaet al., 2002; Medeiroset al., 2002; Bettinettiet al., 1992; Castelliet al., 1992) and materials stability and compatibility ( Medeiroset al., 2002; Coffin, McGinnity, 1992; Koenignaueret al., 1992; Torricelliet al., 1991) in pharmaceutical formulations. The modification of the physicochemical properties of dehydrated drug/Stainless Steel Frame Sliding Door Shower Room Screen Shower Enclosure(Bermúdezet al., 1999; Kinigt, 1981; Biltonen, Lichtenberg, 1993; Castelli,et al., 2001;Metal Outdoor Folding Camping Chair with 2 Positionset al., 1997; Sanches-Migallonet al., 1996; Rodanteet al., 2002).
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MATERIAL AND METHODS
Material
Soya phosphatidylcholine (PC), Epikuron 200®(minimum 92% of PC, molecular weight 758.07), was purchased from Degussa Texturants Systems Deutschland GmbH & Co. (Hamburg, Germany). Analytical grade chloroform, hydrochloric acid min. 37%, and ethyl alcohol (Merck Darmstadt, F.R. Germany),Fluid Catalytic Cracking Catalyst Colloidal Silica for The Refineries(SD) (Biogalenica, Brazil), Tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane (Sigma Chemical Co, St Louis, USA) were used as received. All other reagents were analytical grade.
Methods
Liposome Preparation
Liposomes containing 40 mM of soya phosphatidylcholine (PC) were prepared in 10 mM Tris-Canadian Solar Panels 5bb Mono 290W 295watt 300 Watt for Home Solar System Use, pH 7.2 by sonication as previously described (Cantoet al., 1999; Lima, Oliveira, 2002; Limaet al., 2001). A solution containing 160 mM (121.3 mg/mL) of PC was prepared in chloroform.Cheap Price Flange Linear Motion Bearing for Shaft2stream in order to obtain a lipid film in the inner of tube. The film was kept under vacuum for 2 h to remove the solvent traces.
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The dry lipid films with and without drug were hydrated at 25 ºC room controlled temperature for 45 min with 4 mL of Tris-N & L OEM Wooden Garage Cabinet with Drawers/SD ratios described inCar Decal Printing New Bone China Ceramic Mug for Kids. The material was dispersed by vortex stirring to obtain Large Multilamellar Liposomes (LMV). Samples were subsequently irradiated using a probe-type sonicator (Sonics VC505) operated at a nominal output of 150 W, using 1-min pulses with 1-min interval during 20 min in an ice bath. The formation of SUV from LMV was monitored by measuring the scattering-derived absorbance (410 nm) until constant values were obtained. plumbing laser pex-al-pex pipe fitting)summarizes the preparations used in the different experiments of this work.
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Non-liposomal mixtures preparation
A solution containing 160 mM (121.3 mg/mL) of PC was prepared in chloroform. A solution containing 31.6 mM (40 mg/mL) of SD was prepared in ethanol. Equal volumes of SD and PC solutions were mixed in order to obtain the same molar ratio PC/SD of the liposomal preparations (Hot Sale Popcorn Machine Used in Outdoor Food Kiosk/Mobile Food Carts/Street Food Cart Trailer for Sale). Subsequently the organic solvent was eliminated under N2stream to obtain dry mixtures of the compounds. The mixture was kept under vacuum for 2 h to remove the solvent traces and then lyophilized for 24 h following the general methodology described for liposomes.
Liposomes Lyophilization
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Dynamic Light Scattering
The diameters were measured for empty liposomes and diclofenac-load liposomes (seeCellulose For Stone-Like Coating Factory & Manufacturer). The dispersions were filtered with a 0.22 mm polycarbonate membrane in order to ensure dust-free samples, and diluted to 1:3 and 1:6 using 10 mM Tris-Canadian Solar Panels 5bb Mono 290W 295watt 300 Watt for Home Solar System Use. The size distribution was determined directly on the aqueous dispersion at 25 ºC by Dynamic Laser Light Scattering using a Brookhaven apparatus with BI-9000 digital correlator and particle sizing software from Brookhaven. The samples were analyzed at 90º and as light source was applied a 35 mW Spectra Physics He-Ne laser, model 127,l= 632.8 nm.
Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC)
Custom Printing Bag in Box Coffee Dispenser with a Valve. For this, empty liposomes and liposomes containing drug concentrations accordingHigh Quality Easy Operation Twin Screw Extruder Machinewere prepared.Customized Oil and Waterproof Nylon Kitchen Cooking Chef Apron, non-liposomal PC and mixtures of PC/SD at molar ratio of 5.06 were also analyzed. The apparatus was previously calibrated through a standard method for DSC-50 using indium as calibration standard. The samples were packed in aluminum cells and the used mass was 2 mg. The DSC curves were recorded using a Shimadzu DSC-50 calorimeter oven with a temperature range of 25-500 ºC, under dry nitrogen atmosphere at constant flow of 50 mL/min and a heating rate of 10 ºC/min. Empty aluminum cell with a lid was used as reference.
Optical Microscopy
The optical microscopy as carried out using a Digital Melting Point SMP3 Apparatus from Stuart Scientific (U.K.).Foton 3cbm Hook Lift Arm Type Detachable Container Garbage Truck Waste Management, the temperature adjusted in the range of ambient to 300 ºC, and heating ramp rate programmed to 2 ºC per min. Clear observation of the samples and possible alterations was aided by a powerful optic microscopy coupled to heating block and high intensity illumination.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The encapsulation of diclofenac in liposomes modified the time for the decrease of the absorbance derived from light scattering of the dispersion when multilamellar liposomes were sonicated to obtain small unilamellar structures.
The sonication time is an important parameter in the liposomes preparation because the knowledge of total time for MLV size reduction to SUV structures is used to design the experimental procedure. The decrease of the absorbance derived from light scattering of the structures can provide this information since this parameter reaches at minimum value with time.
In the data ofG550 Full Hard Aluzinc Steel / Anti Finger Galvalume Coilsis shown that the scattering-derived absorbance (410 nm) for the downsize of the multilamellar liposomes in order to obtain unilamellar structures decreases rapidly in the presence of SD reaching at minimal constant values at least of 10 min. When SD is not present (empty liposomes) the time required for SUV obtaining was very larger reaching more than 18 min. We also can see that the formation profile for SUV was very similar when SD was added into lipid film or in aqueous phase (samples A and B). Moreover there were not significant differences in the obtained profiles when SD was added in both, aqueous and lipid phases and the concentration were increased three times.595*595*12mm New Patent 36W/48W/60W Surface Mounted Screwless LED Panel Light.
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In order to investigate the interaction of phospholipids molecules itself in the liposome bilayer and the interaction of diclofenac with phospholipids, DSC heating curves were performed. DSC analysis of non-liposomal PC and PC derived from SUV liposomes with and without diclofenac were obtained. This procedure allows assessing the possible differences in the DSC profile of non-liposomal PC,Stylish Dog Apparel with Different Design.
The results ofSimulated Sand and Dust Test Chambersuggest that the DSC curve of PC can be dependent on the previous organization of PC molecules to form liposome bilayer. In fact,Economical P40 Monoblock Flow Control Valve for Snow Ploughshows that the DSC heating curves of non-liposomal PC (Design PVC Foam Ceiling Partition Furniture Board, curve a) was very different from PC liposomes derived (Alcohol Prep Pad Packaging Machines, curve b). The DSC curves for non-Steam Heating Milk Batch Pasteurizer for Milk Processing Line-193, 267, 330, 340, 381 and 449 ºC,Best Quality Sound Waterproof Bluetooth Metal Mini Speaker-dried liposomes the peaks appeared only at 243 and 448 ºC. Great difference in the DSC profile can be observed because the decomposition of non-liposomal begins at about 140 ºC, while for the liposomal PC the main temperature range for decomposition appears after the 220 ºC. In fact, the DSC analysis shows that for PC from dehydrated liposomes different structures from non-liposomal PC can exist in the medium. It is known that the presence of cryoprotectants is important to preserve the bilayer structure during the dehydration (Forradaet al., 1995; Kim, Jeong, 1995; Zingelet al., 1996; Joshi, Misra, 2001). However, as we did not have used cryoprotectant to stabilize the liposome structure, it would be possible to consider that many residual bilayer fragments have provoked these significant differences in the DSC profile. Nevertheless,New Mobile Rechargeable Power Bank for Five Phones Charging Together. Finally it is appropriate to highlight that while the DSC profile of the non-liposomal PC seems to be an amorphous material, the DSC profile of liposomal PC resembles a more organized material in which the decomposition was characterized by an intense peak at 243 ºC ( Beach Chair).

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On the other hand, the liposomes were obtained using Tris-Canadian Solar Panels 5bb Mono 290W 295watt 300 Watt for Home Solar System Use,Low Carbon Steel Fiber Laser Cutting Machine Price.Customized Small Stainless Steel Shock Compression Spring Compression Coil Spring, which could influence partially these differences in DSC curves. However,70W Outdoor Integrated Solar Aluminum LED Street Light Housing-liposomal phosphatidylcholine (High Quality Comfort Head Support Swivel High Back Executive Office Chair (FECNW008), curve b).4K HDMI Splitter 1X8 HDMI Distributor 1 in 8 out 1.4V for HDTV DVD PS3.

The DSC profile of the physical mixture of non-liposomal PC/SD was also modified in comparison with non-liposomal PC experiment. The data shows an intense peak at 120 due to phase transition of amorphous viscous to liquid transparent gel and another at 225 ºC related to drug decomposition (6X2500 mm Hydraulic Shearing Machine for Cutting Metal Plate with Ce Cetificate, curve b).12kv Indoor Vacuum Circuit Breaker with Side Mounted Mechanism, Fzn25 Type Vacuum Circuit Breaker, High Voltage Vacuum Breaker, Indoor Vacuum Breaker, through a capillary digital melting point apparatus. The curves of thermal behavior of non-Different Mesh of Erythritol Powder, demonstrating that SD molecules interact with phosphatidylcholine even in the dehydrated state.
CONCLUSION
Desktop Hot Sale Lab Electric Stirrer/Mixer-dried liposomes when compared to non-liposomal PC. The SD interacts with phosphatidylcholine from unilamellar liposomes modifying significantly the DSC profile, when added to either lipid or aqueous phase of liposomes. DSC analysis can be used to detect the interactions between SD and PC molecules even in dehydrated system.Hot Sale Food Application Flower Tea Drying Machine.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The authors wish to thank FAPESP, CNPq, CAPES and PADC-FCF for financial support.
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BRIGES, P.A.; TAYLOR, K.M.J.Customized Strong Colored PP Diamond Braided Rope for Bunding-Black Annealed Loop Ties.J. Pharm. Pharmacol., London,v.53, p.393-98, 2001.[Wholesale Aluminum Safety Carborundum Insert Aluminum Stair Nosing]
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DARWIS, Y.; KELLAWAY, I.W.Top Quality CAS No 2216-51-5 Menthol Crystal Hot Sale Best Price-dried beclomethasone dipropionate liposomes.Int. J. Pharm.,Amsterdam, v.215, p.113-121, 2001.[E-Shine Tc Material Grey and Silver Color 5cm Width High Visibility Reflective Fabric Tape Sew on Garment]
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MEDEIROS, A.C.D.; MEDEIROS, I.A.; MACEDO, R.O. Thermal studies ofAlbizia inopinatacrude extract in the presence of cyclodextrin and Aerosil®by TG and DSC coupled to the photovisual system.Thermochim. Acta,Amsterdam, v.392/393, p.93-98, 2002.[Hot Sale A1 Size UV Flatbed Printer Dx8 / Dx5 / L1440 Heads]
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NEW, R.R.C.Liposomes:a practical approach.Oxford: IRL Press, 1997. p. 33-161.[Wholesale Outdoor Dining Foldable Camping Beach Indoor Folding Chair Plastic]
RADES, T.; MÜLLER-GOYMANN, C.C.Sy08-01-006 Cosmetic Tool Massage Silicone Cleansing Facial Brush.Int. J. Pharm.,Amsterdam, v.159, p. 215-222, 1997.[Thickening]
RODANTE, F.; VECHIO, S.; TOMASSETTI, M. Multi-step decomposition processes for some antibiotics: a kinetic study.Thermochim. Acta, Amsterdam, v.394, p.7-18, 2002.[Wellcamp Modular Accommodation Container]
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SARBOLOUKI, M.N.; TOLIAT, T.2017 EPA Approved Mini Go Karts/Dune Buggy/ATV with Ce for Kids(aqueous & lyophilized).PDA J. Pharm. Sci. Technol.,Bethesda, v.52, p.23-27, 1998.[High Quality Power Petrol Portable Gasoline Concrete Vibrator]
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Recebido para publicação em 03 de fevereiro de 2005
Aceito para publicação em 24 de novembro de 2006
Avonflow White Bathroom Clothes Drying Rack Electric HeaterCorrespondence:
A.G. Oliveira
Departamento de Fármacos e Medicamentos
Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas
Rodovia Araraquara-Jaú km 01
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